Kryptonite Panda, Gingham Typhoon, and Bronze Mohawk are all code names for a skilled hacking group that Western intelligence agencies list more blandly as APT40, or “advanced persistent threat” number 40.

The Australian Signals Directorate on Tuesday named them for the first time as controlled by China’s Ministry of State Security. Just a month after she was shaking hands with China’s visiting Premier Li Qiang, Foreign Minister Penny Wong backed up the agency’s claims in a strong statement. But that public outing only raises the question of where Australia takes the matter from here, and what it expects China to do.