The 2023 Nobel Prize in Economic Science was awarded on Monday (Tuesday AEDT) to Claudia Goldin of Harvard University for her path-breaking work on women’s labour-market outcomes.

Around the world there are vast disparities between how men and women fare in the labour market. Globally, about 50 per cent of women work in paid employment compared to about 80 per cent for men. In OECD economies there is a 13 per cent gender gap, and women are less represented at the most senior levels in business.