In finance there is a truism: risk can be shifted between holders, but it can’t be destroyed by doing so.
Low rates and QE after 2008 and the monetisation of COVID-19 created a favourable environment for markets. But Basel III and other regulations had placed leverage constraints on banks.
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Adrian Blundell-Wignall writes on the world economy and is a former director of the OECD. He is currently in Paris.