Andrew Mackenzie’s perspective on the global carbon challenge revealed in an exclusive interview with The Australian Financial Review’s Tech Zero podcast underlines the challenges in the pathway to the net zero future.

Speaking from his new perch as chairman of Shell, Sir Andrew says that tackling climate change appears a much harder task than he had assumed when, as chief executive of BHP, he oversaw its efforts to reduce the scope three emissions of Chinese steel mill customers in its value chain, and the start of a strategic shift out of fossil fuels into “forward-facing” critical and other energy transition minerals.