33 dead as nation counts 642 million votes

At least 33 electoral staff have died counting hundreds of millions of votes in the world’s biggest democracy. Polling suggests there’s already a clear winner.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to win the Indian election with his Hindu nationalist campaign. (Photo by Ritesh Shukla/Getty Images)

Thirty-three people have died as vote counting is underway in India’s election under sweltering conditions.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is all but assured a triumph for his Hindu nationalist drive, which has thrown the opposition into disarray and deepened international concerns for minority rights.

Exit polls have shown 73-year-old Modi well on track for victory after a six-week-long election in which 642 million people voted in seven stages across the world’s most populous country.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to win the Indian election with his Hindu nationalist campaign. Picture: AFP

Modi said over the weekend that he was confident “the people of India have voted in record numbers” to re-elect his government, a decade after he first became prime minister.

Modi’s opponents have struggled to counter the campaign juggernaut of his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and have been hamstrung by infighting and what they say are politically motivated criminal cases aimed at hobbling challengers.

US think tank Freedom House said this year that the BJP had “increasingly used government institutions to target political opponents”.

Polling officials seal Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) at the end of the seventh and final phase of voting in India's general election. Picture: AFP

On Sunday, Arvind Kejriwal, chief minister of the capital Delhi and a key leader in an alliance formed to compete against Modi, returned to jail.

Kejriwal, 55, was detained in March over a long-running corruption probe, but was later released and allowed to campaign as long as he returned to custody once voting ended.

“When power becomes dictatorship, then jail becomes a responsibility,” Kejriwal said before surrendering himself, vowing to continue “fighting” from behind bars.

Security personnel inspect a man entering an election vote counting station in New Delhi on June 4, 2024. Picture: AFP

In the lead-up to the election, many of the 200 million-plus Muslim minority grew increasingly uneasy about their futures and their community’s place in the constitutionally secular country.

Modi himself made a number of strident comments about Muslims on the campaign trail, referring to them as “infiltrators”.

Logistics of vote count

The polls were staggering in their size and logistic complexity, with voters casting their ballots in megacities New Delhi and Mumbai, as well as in sparsely populated forest areas and the high-altitude territory of Kashmir.

Votes were cast on electronic voting machines, so the tally will likely be rapid, with results expected within hours.

Exit polls indicate Modi’s victory after a six-week-long election with 642 million voters. Picture: Getty

Counting began Tuesday morning in key centres in each state, with the data fed into computers.

“People should know about the strength of Indian democracy”, chief election commissioner Rajiv Kumar said Monday, vowing there was a “robust counting process in place”.

India’s major TV networks will have reporters outside each counting centre, competing to flash results for each of the 543 elected seats in the lower house of parliament.

Modi’s opponents struggled against his BJP campaign, citing politically motivated cases and infighting. Picture: Getty

In past years, key trends have been clear by mid-afternoon with losers conceding defeat, even though full and final results may only come late on Tuesday night.

“Mandate with destiny”, the headline of the Hindustan Times read on Tuesday.

Celebrations are expected at the headquarters of Modi’s BJP if the results reflect exit poll predictions.

The winning post is a simple majority of 272 seats, and the BJP won 303 at the last polls in 2019.

Heatwave voting

Election chief Kumar on Monday proclaimed the 642 million votes cast a “world record”.

But based on the commission’s figure of an electorate of 968 million, turnout came to 66.3 per cent, down roughly one percentage point from 67.4 per cent in the last polls in 2019.

Final voter data is yet to be released as repelling took place in two stations in West Bengal state on Monday.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to win the Indian election with his Hindu nationalist campaign. (Photo by Ritesh Shukla/Getty Images)

Chief Election Commissioner of India, Rajiv Kumar. 642 million votes were cast, with a voter turnout of 66.3 per cent, slightly lower than the previous election. Picture: AFP

Analysts have partly blamed the lower turnout on a searing heatwave across northern India, with temperatures in excess of 45C.

At least 33 polling staff died from heatstroke on Saturday in Uttar Pradesh state alone, where temperatures hit 46.9C.

Polling should have been scheduled to end a month earlier, Kumar acknowledged.

“We should not have done it in so much heat”, he said.

More to come …