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Pluto: For the first time in 25 years, we’re exploring another world

THE New Horizons space probe has survived its close shave with Pluto, sharing a brief burst of self-diagnostics with NASA as it starts to sift through the mass of data it has gathered.

Network Writers and agencies
3 min read
July 15, 2015 - 11:20AM
News Corp Australia Network

THE New Horizons space probe has survived its close shave with Pluto, sharing a brief burst of self-diagnostics with NASA as it starts to sift through the mass of data it has gathered.

The space probe began its close pass with the distant world yesterday.

It went silent as it slung past the icy planet at more than 50,000km/h. It ‘phoned home” to report its status exactly when expected after a long, nervous wait by astronomers the world over.

It’s report: Nominal status.

Propulsion systems are ok. Data recording systems are okay and the anticipated amount of storage has been filled. Temperatures are fine throughout the craft.

Now the long stream of data - carried by radiowaves so weak that the transmission rate is no more than a few kilobits - begins.

The first new pictures are not expected before tomorrow.

It’s expected to take up to a year for all the data to be downloaded.

The nuclear-powered New Horizons — about the size of a baby grand piano — snapped pictures and took measurements as it hurtled by on autopilot.

LEADING ROLE: Australia taps in to Pluto-pass signal

The photos are already revealing details of Pluto never seen before in the history of space travel. But more due later today will contain close-up details of the distant world’s frozen surface.

NASA reaches Pluto ... The moment of closest approach for the New Horizons spacecraft came at 7:49am EDT on Tuesday. Picture: Supplied.
NASA reaches Pluto ... The moment of closest approach for the New Horizons spacecraft came at 7:49am EDT on Tuesday. Picture: Supplied.

The spacecraft was a bit closer to Pluto’s surface than initially planned, 12,470km and may have been one minute earlier than the target time, the NASA space agency said

New Horizons is the first spacecraft to fly past Pluto and its seven scientific instruments aim to reveal up-close details of the surface, geology and atmosphere of Pluto and its five moons.

Good boy, Pluto ... The internet memes are streaming in.
Good boy, Pluto ... The internet memes are streaming in.

The flyby - with the closest approach being the approximate distance between Seattle and Sydney, or New York and Mumbai - is expected to open up new ground on the last unexplored planetary territory of our solar system.

Here’s a rundown on Pluto, a 20th-century discovery about to become the 21st-century darling of astronomers:

DISCOVERY

Pluto is the only planet (OK, now former planet) in our solar system discovered by an American. Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh spotted the dot in 1930. The name Pluto came from a British schoolgirl, Venetia Burney, then 11, based on the mythological god of the underworld.

Tombaugh died at age 90 in 1997, nine years before New Horizons took flight. A bit of his ashes is on board.

Both of Tombaugh’s two children, now in their 70s, were at the New Horizons mission operations center for Tuesday’s celebration.

FIVE MOONS

Big moon Charon was discovered in 1978, followed by little moons Nix and Hydra in 2005, Kerberos in 2011 and Styx in 2012. The Hubble Space Telescope revealed all four baby moons. Astronomers stuck to underworld undertones when it came to the names.

New Horizons will hunt for more moons, but at this point, they would have to be pretty elusive. The Pluto empire, complete with six bodies, at least for now, is like its own mini solar system.

FORGET THE SUNGLASSES

Pluto is so far from the sun - between 2.8 billion and 4.6 billion miles - that twilight reigns. At high noon on Pluto, it looks as though it would be dawn or dusk on Earth.

It takes 248 years for Pluto to orbit the sun. Thus, it’s only made it about one-third of the way around the sun since its discovery in 1930. Every so often, Neptune’s orbit exceeds Pluto’s, putting Neptune slightly farther out.

FIRST A PLANET, THEN IT’S NOT

Pluto is the only planet to get kicked out of the solar system club.

Just seven months after New Horizons rocketed away from Cape Canaveral, Florida, in 2006, the International Astronomical Union declassified Pluto as the ninth planet for technical reasons. Instead, it became a dwarf planet.

The decision left the solar system with eight full-fledged planets, with Mercury replacing Pluto as the smallest.

New Horizons scientists, as well as NASA’s leaders, are hoping the new pictures will restore Pluto’s planet status.

THE TWILIGHT ZONE

Pluto is the biggest object in the icy Kuiper Belt, also known as the third zone after the inner rocky planets and outer gaseous giants.

The Kuiper Belt is full of comets and other small frosty objects. It’s named after the late Dutch-American astronomer Gerard Kuiper, who proposed a bevy of small bodies beyond Neptune back in the 1950s. The New Horizons team hopes to go after a smaller Kuiper Belt object following the Pluto flyby, provided a mission extension is approved.

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Original URL: https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/space/pluto-for-the-first-time-in-25-years-were-exploring-another-world/news-story/7d3c87866164a3acb57738910afa8de5