King Tut’s tomb restored, reopened, after nine-year project

After a nine-year preservation project within King Tut’s tomb, repairs are complete and the unmasked boy king is back on display.

After almost a decade, a team of international experts on Thursday revealed the results of their painstaking work to preserve the tomb of Egypt’s legendary Pharaoh Tutankhamun.

Nearly a victim of his own fame, long years of mass tourism had left their mark on the boy king’s burial place near Luxoron the east bank of the Nile River.

“A hundred years of visits, after being sealed for 3000 years … can you imagine the impact on the grave?” said Neville Agnew, head of the project led by the Los Angeles-based Getty Conservation Institute.

Tourists arrive via land train at the tomb (KV62) of the 18th dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun (1332—1323BC) in the Valley of the Kings on the west bank of the Nile River. Picture: AFP

“Visitors, humidity, dust …” lamented the scientist during the unveiling ceremony at the tomb, discovered in 1922 by British archaeologist Howard Carter in the Valley of the Kings.

Called to the rescue in 2009, Agnew has led a 25-member team — including archaeologists, architects, engineers and microbiologists — to preserve the tomb and fend off the ravages of time and tourism.

Interrupted during Egypt’s 2011 uprising and the political instability that followed, the project later resumed its work and finished up this month.

The head of the golden sarcophagus of Pharaoh Tutankhamun displayed in his burial chambers. Picture: AFP

Tourists look at the golden sarcophagus and burial chamber from a newly constructed platform designed to reduce the wear-and-tear on the tomb. Picture: AFP

DEEP CLEAN

The preservation work began with a comprehensive study of the funeral chamber, including its ornate golden-yellow murals, which had been blanketed over the decades by a grey veil of dust.

Lori Wong, a curator specialising in murals, specifically looked into the “material composition of the paintings and how it was applied”.

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The goal in doing so was “to understand the current state of the paintings, to determine if they were in danger and to establish a plan to safeguard them for the future”, she told AFP.

Scientists brought heavy duty microscopes into the royal tomb, which they refer to as KV62, to analyse mysterious “brown spots” found on its ancient artwork.

The golden sarcophagus of Tutankhamun and part of the murals painted on the walls of his tomb. Picture: AFP

A group of tourists among the first to visit the tomb since it underwent a nine-year conservation by a team of international specialists. Picture: AFP

‘THINK OF THE FUTURE’

Researchers had worried the spots were a fungus that might spread and damage the murals of Tutankhamun’s life.

Careful analysis showed the blotches were indeed of microbiological origin, but the organisms were long dead.

One problem still remained: the deeply embedded marks were impossible to remove. “We did conservation, not restoration,” said Agnew, adding that the mission had been to stabilise and protect the site.

“The brown spots are also part of the story,” he said, adding they had not developed since Carter’s discovery.

The head of the linen-wrapped mummy of Tutankhamun displayed in his climate-controlled glass case in his underground tomb Picture: AFP

Tutankhamun’s feet are also among the visible remains of his mummified body. Picture: AFP

LOOK, DON’T TOUCH

Architects worked to redesign the platform where visitors stand to keep them away from the fragile walls, and engineers developed a new ventilation system to limit the devastating effects of carbon dioxide, moisture and dust.

While some of the most cherished pieces of Tutankhamun’s treasure are now held at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, the tomb still holds the Pharaoh’s mummy in an oxygenless glass box, along with his outer sarcophagus — made of gilt wood.

Famed Egyptian archaeologist and former antiquities minister Zahi Hawass, who initiated the project, said that the project had “saved the tomb of Tutankhamun”.

“Still I really think after this great work that has been done, we need to limit the number of tourists who enter inside,” he added.

“If we let mass tourism enter this tomb, it will not last more than 500 years,” he warned, advocating for a complete halt of visits to the site.

Tourists could instead visit a replica built nearby, he added. “We have to think of the future from now. In 500 or 1000 years if we leave the tourist situation like this, the tombs of the Valley of the Kings will be completely finished.”

Pharaoh Tutankhamun has been returned to his burial site, preserved inside an airtight chamber. Picture: AFP

Tutankhamun’s tomb has undergone restoration to help minimise damage by tourists. The work, done by the Getty Conservation Institute after years of research and officially opened yesterday, aims to minimise scratches, dust damage and microbiological growth from breath and humidity brought in by tourists. Picture: AP

PERPETUAL GLORY

The work was done by the Getty Conservation Institute after years of research and was officially presented yesterday.

It aims to minimise scratches, dust damage and microbiological growth from breath and humidity brought in by tourists.

The nearly intact tomb of King Tut, who ruled Egypt more than 3000 years ago, was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter in the Valley of the Kings, located on the west bank of the Nile River in Luxor.

For many, King Tut embodies ancient Egypt’s glory, because his tomb was packed with the glittering wealth of the 18th Dynasty, which ruled from 1569 to 1315BC.