A year to the day since US tech industry heavyweight Pat Gelsinger entered the chief executive office at chip-making giant Intel, he has a warning for governments around the world; they must invest more in manufacturing, diversify their supply chains and expect damaging chip supply shortages to stick around for some time yet.

Gelsinger had been an influential engineer, and chief technology officer at Intel earlier in his career, but returned to lead it a year ago, as it looked for a revival after rivals such as AMD, Nvidia, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC) and Samsung had taken a chunk out of its “Intel Inside” era dominance.