Unlike the decisions of previous climate conferences, the COP28 final text explicitly urges countries to make sure their next international pledges for 2035 – which nations are expected to reveal by early 2025 – are aligned with 1.5 degrees, “as informed by the latest science”.
If that call is honoured, it would represent an important ratchet upwards in ambition for many countries, including Australia, which would need at least 70 per cent reductions by 2035.