America’s surgeon general calls on Congress to mandate cancer warning labels on alcohol

America may introduce warning labels on alcohol after a report attributed 100,000 US cancer cases a year to booze. Find out what cancer you could get and how little you have to drink to risk it.

The United States’ top government doctor on Friday called for health warnings on alcoholic drinks to highlight that they cause cancer and urged a reassessment of daily consumption limits due to the risks.

Surgeon General Vivek Murthy said that the connection between alcohol and cancer has been known since the 1980s, with mounting evidence reinforcing the dangers. Yet, mandatory warning labels fail to address the health threat.

Alcohol could increase your cancer risk according to America’s top doctor. Picture: file photo

“Alcohol is a well-established, preventable cause of cancer, responsible for about 100,000 cancer cases and 20,000 cancer deaths annually in the United States,” Murthy said in a statement, emphasising that this toll exceeds the approximately 13,500 alcohol-related traffic fatalities each year.

“Yet the majority of Americans are unaware of this risk,” he added, underscoring the urgent need for public education.

Introduced in 1988, the existing warning label only states that “women should not drink alcoholic beverages during pregnancy because of the risk of birth defects” and that “consumption of alcoholic beverages impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery, and may cause health problems.” Murthy called on Congress to modernise these labels to reflect the now well-established cancer risk, as other countries including South Korea and Ireland have done.

The US is considering cigarette-style warning labels. Picture: AFP

Alcohol consumption raises the risk of at least seven types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, liver, mouth, throat, esophageal, and laryngeal cancers. For breast cancer alone, alcohol accounts for 16.4 per cent of all cases.

But public awareness lags far behind. A 2019 survey found that only 45 per cent of Americans identified alcohol as a cancer risk factor, compared to 91 per cent for radiation exposure, 89 per cent for tobacco use, 81 per cent for asbestos exposure, and 53 per cent for obesity.

The new advisory also questioned the adequacy of US dietary guidelines, which recommend a daily limit of two drinks for men and one for women.

US Surgeon General Vivek Murthy is leading the calls. Picture: AFP

Alarmingly, 17 per cent of alcohol-related cancer deaths occur among individuals who stay within these limits, suggesting the need for a re-evaluation.

Health care providers also have a critical role to play, the advisory noted, by informing patients about the risks of alcohol, offering interventions and providing referrals for treatment as needed.

Alcohol contributes to cancer through four key mechanisms.

It metabolises into acetaldehyde, which damages DNA; it induces oxidative stress, harming DNA, proteins, and cells; it disrupts hormone levels, including oestrogen, which increases breast cancer risk; and it heightens absorption of carcinogens, including from tobacco.

Originally published as America’s surgeon general calls on Congress to mandate cancer warning labels on alcohol